Europe’s raw material resources are not sufficiently abundant for it to be unequivocally stated that Europe is independent in terms of raw materials and therefore energy.
The Russian invasion of Ukraine prompted a reorientation of energy policy in EU countries, including Poland. Like most Member States, Poland has diversified its fossil fuel suppliers in order to become independent from Russian import.
Since the dawn of time, the development of civilisation and economy has been linked to the availability of energy sources and the efficiency of their use.
